Baseball was first played on American soil in the early 1800’s though at that time, the uniforms, rules and even teams were pretty informal and local rules continued to hold sway over strict ones right up till the 1860’s, which is when baseball acquired the tag of ‘National Pastime.’
In the earliest form of the game, there was a batsman who was required to hit a pitched ball before running to the bases (from first base to fifth, at the time) and all within the space of also having to avoid being tagged (also called “plugged” – a term that essentially referred to being hit by a ball pitched by the fielders).
However, it was New York based Alexander Joy Cartwright (who lived from 1820 to1892) who is attributed with having invented this favorite American sport way back in 1845 (at least in the first memorable form of modern baseball as we know it today).
He and other members of a quaintly christened NY Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, thought up the very first game rules and regulations for the ‘modern version’ of baseball. The club played their very first official baseball game the following year at Elysian Fields, situated in Hoboken in New Jersey, but it wasn’t until the year 1858 that the NABP (or the National Association of Baseball Players) was formed and came to be recognized as the first ever baseball league! (The team lost out to the NY Baseball Club).
Thus, this original game of Baseball began by being based on Rounders, an essentially English game that had also gained popularity in the US around the early part of the 19th century, even though it was locally known by another name (Townball). In some parts of the country though, townball was the down-market form of baseball; however, as far as formal baseball rules are concerned, it was Cartwright who is attributed with having formalized the regulatory nature of the sport and having published the same for other baseball lovers to follow through and these were further adopted by other states keen on baseball games on a professional level.
In 1860, the first open-salaried Pro baseball team was announced: it was the Cincinnati Red Stocking!
Then, by 1878, the captain of the elite Harvard University Baseball Club, namely Frederick Winthrop Thayer (belonging to Massachusetts) got a patent for the first-ever baseball catcher’s mask; that was on February 12, 1878 and a memorable moment for baseball history.
By 1907, a special commission had pitched the notion of baseball having been ‘invented’ by Cooperstown based Abner Doubleday, who was a famous Civil War hero (lived between (1819-1893), but the thought was squashed down by the records having already existed for Cartwright, the other New Yorker. This is because even though there are many historians who believe that early versions of the English game of Rounders may have lent inspiration for the baseball and strongly figured in children’s books of the early 19th century, it was only when Alexander Joy Cartwright introduced the formal set of rules and his own baseball club in 1845 that the sport truly gained religious followers who lived and breathed the game, like the young players, both amateurs and pros, of today.
The main differences in the game rules for baseball in Cartwright’s times and baseball games of today is that then plugging was permissible while pitching was underhand and in order for the first team to win the game, a 21 aces score had to be reached in no fixed innings.